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1 & 2 Timothy and Titus: A Commentary is unavailable, but you can change that!

The Pastoral Epistles present difficult questions for the modern interpreter, including such matters as their authorship, literary characteristics, and social orientations. Raymond Collins carefully leads the reader through the texts of these three documents, attending to the flow of the pastor’s thought and locating it within the Jewish and Hellenistic culture of his day.

missed the point. The metaphor, using a verb (astochēsantes) found only in the Pastorals (1:6; 6:21; 2 Tim. 2:18; cf. 2 Clem. 17:7), is striking insofar as the most common word for “sin” in the Hebrew Bible is ḥāṭā’, a word that essentially means “miss the mark.” The verb was occasionally used, even in the Bible, to describe someone who had missed a target, as, for instance, a stone thrower (Judg. 20:16). Having gone astray, “some” engage in word games, idle talk (mataiologian). Titus 1:10 uses
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